Enclosure

14th C

de Mowbray : de Upsall : argent a cross able : Scrope of Bolton then Masham

Remnants of stone curtain with square and polygonal towers. Dates from mid 14^th C

Manor House

Tempest

Motte and Bailey

12th C

Crown, de Warenne

Castellarium Anglicanum : Motte and two baileys inline, 1174 - 8. Probably predecessor of Sandal; mentioned with Sandal as late as 1323.

There was some excavation in 1953.

Sandal Magna

14th C

License granted to crenellate 1333

House on island of wet defences, much restructured, but surviving water-gate is of the medaeival.

Manor House

12-14th C

Herbert of winchester

Henry I granted Weaverthorpe to his Chamberlain, Herbert, in c.1110, d.1130

Earthwork bank of late 11^th C encloses manorial house, excavated in 1960, foundations of two large rectangular buildings uncovered

Possible castle

Further research needed to confirm the inclusion here, although there are some few sources that suggest the site is of considerably more age than at first sight.

Manor House

Woodhouse

Tower ?

Castellarium Anglcanum : Square moat of large area, little else remains except a range of massive, vaulted undercrofts, considered to be 15^th C

Fortified house

Fortified Manor

12th C

William Malet, William Colevil under Percy, Darel under Percy, Malbis

Colville : Or, a fess gules in chief three torteaux - or - or, a fess gules on a chief of the 2nd three bezants. :

de Percy : Azure five fizils conjoined in fess or. :

Malbys : Argent, a chevron between three hinds heads erased gules.

By the time of Domesday, the manor of Wheldrake was owed by William de Percy and held under him by William Colevile. Records show that there was a castle here in 1149 as the citizens of York had royal authority to destroy it. In 1200, Richard malbis received license to build and fortify a replacement castle, but yet again the citizens of York intervened and prevented its completion. In 1210, Richard Mablis died and left much of the estate to Fountains Abbey, though the Darels still remained as under-tenants and occupied the manor house which might have been built on the site of the reduced castle. The Darel line was extinguished by 1383 when the whole title of Wheldrake passed the Fountains Abbey. According to Arch. Sites Wheldrake castle existed between 1178 and 1185. A license to refortify the site was revoked before completion. In 1972 the surviving ditch was 14-30m wide and 1.5m deep.

Templar site

Knights Templar &

Also some ECW involvement - lost siege works

Fort

Crown

Civil War fort built to interrupt the water supply to Kingston upon Hull which was stalwartly Parliamentarian in it's loyalty's.

Motte and bailey

11th C

de Lacy

Leland states : There I saw in an enclosed pasture ground, the ditches and hills of an old castle hard upon the river Calder. It is now called castle Hill and belongs to Archibald Giseland of Lincolnshire

Motte and Bailey

12th C

Mortain, Arch-bishopric of Canterbury, Meynell, Strangway

Castellarium Anglicanum : Low platform, with ditches and counter-scarp bank carrying a fine 14^th C gatehouse of an unusual rectangular type. Vague bailey and large burgus. Mentioned in 1216 as Potto, then in 1214 and 1216 as Hwerneleton. In bad repair 1343

Fortified Manor?

14th C

Mortain/Fossard, de Percy, Ralph de Bulmer

Possible Fortified House

Fortified Manor house

12thC

1322 held by John de Woodhall

Excavation of moated manor with a fortified gatehouse - which collapsed into the broad but shallow moat early in the 17th century. There has been continued occupation of the same site from the 12th to the 20th century. The mentioned john de Woodhall is reputed to have built the fortified gatehouse (Dalesman

Mansion House

English Civil War

York : Possibly Azure a saltire argent

Courtyard castle

14th C

Percy

Leland states : Wressle a very fayre and mynion castle of the Percies sum tymr set on Derwent." He continued, Most part of the base court of the castle of Wressle is all of timber. The castle itself is moated about on three parts, the fourth part is dry where the entrance is into the castle. The castle is all of very fair and great squared stone both within and without whereof (as some hold the opinion) much was brought out of France. In the castle be only five towers, one at each corner almost of like biggness. The gatehouse is the fifth having five lodgings (floors) in height, three of the other towers have four high in the lodgings, the fourth containeth the buttery, pantry, pastery lardery and kitchen. The hall and the great chambers be fair, and so is the chapel and the closettes. To conclude, the house is one of the most proper beyond the Trent and seemeth as newly made, yet it was made by a younger brother of the Percys, Earl of Woucester that was in high favour with Richard II and bought the manor of Wressle mounting at that time little above 30li by the year and for lack of heirs of him and by favour of the king it came to the earls of Northumberland. The base court is of a newer building. And the last Earl of Northumberland saving one made the brew house of stone without the castle wall but hard adjoining the kitchen of it. One thing I liked exceedingly in one of the towers, was a study called Paradise (see also Leconfield) where was a closet in the middle of eight squares latised about and at the top of every square was a desk ledged to set books (and) coffers within them and these seemed as joined hard to the top of the closet, and yet by pulling, one or all would come down breast high in rabetts and serve for desks to lay books on. The garderobe in the castle was exceedingly fair, and so were the gardens within the moat and the orchards without.

Le Patourel : E. arm of main moat (raised) already filled by Lelands's time, but still quite clearly visible, though silted up for most of course. N enclosure, presumably 'basse Court all of timber' mentioned by Leland, can be seen on Percy estate map of 1610, but has been destroyed on that of 1716 for formal landscaping.

Note : Yorks. Archaeol. Soc. Library, maps 20 H.

Motte

12th C

Crown

Called Howe Hill, this motte sits atop an elevated platform or hillock. The motte stands 15ft high and retains some of its ditch and the counter-scarp bank. Yarforth was a berewick of Northallerton at Domesday and belonged to the king. Its location, close by the ford of the Wiske, the name Yafforth means ford of the road, probably indicated that the castle was built to either defend or extract the tolls for crossing the river. It is strongly suggested that the castle was suppressed during the reign of Henry II as documents of the reign of Richard I mention the castle in the past tense.

Middlesbrough

ECW siege lines, earthen artillery forts

Earthworks

17^th C

Motte and Bailey

11th C rebuilt several times

Crown

Leland states : The area of the castle is of no great quantity. There be five ruined towers in it. The arx is all in ruin and the root of the hill that it standeth on is environed with an arm derived out of Fosse Water.

Gates and Walls

City of York : Argent on a cross gules five lions passant or

Leland states : First a great tower with a chain of iron to cast over the Ouse : then another tower, and so to Bootham Gate ; from Bootham Bar or Gate to Goodram Gate or Bar ten towers, thence four towers to Latthorp, a posterngate, and so by the space of two flight shots the blind and deep water of the Fosse comming out of the Forest of Galtres defendeth this part of the city without a wall. The to Walmer Gate three towers and thence to Fisher Gate, stopped up since the commons burned it in the time of King Henry VII. Some say that Walmer Gate was erected at the stopping up of Fisher Gate, but I doubt that, as in the wall by this gate is a stone with this inscription : LX yardes yn length Anno D. 1445 William Todde mair of York did this cost : thence to the rip of the Fosse a three towers and in the three a postern. And thence over the Fosseby a bridge to the castle. ..... Betwixt the beginning of the first part of the west wall and Michael Gate be eleven towers and at this lower tower of the eleven is a posterngate, and the tower of it is right against the east tower to draw over the chain on Ouse betwixt them.

Extant, and almost intact, after much renovation

Motte and Bailey

11th C

Crown

Leland states : The west part of the city of York is thus enclosed, first a turret and so the wall runneth over the side of the dongeon of the castle on the west side right against the castle on the east rip. The plot of this castle is now called the Old Bailey and the area and ditches of it do manifestly appear.

Excavations have revealed traces of 12^th C timber buildings atop the motte, which has been raised in the post-medieval.

Text compiled and edited by Richard Hayton

Heraldry rendered by Richard Hayton